Relative expression and regulation by short-term fasting of lysophosphatidic acid receptors and autotaxin in white and brown adipose tissue depots

Lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPtdOH) levels have previously been reported to decrease in rodents with short-term fasting. We investigated whether a 16 h fast would change expression of autotaxin, the predominant phospholipase D responsible for adipose-derived lysoPtdOH synthesis, or any of the lysophosphatidic acid receptors (1–6) in four white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in male C57Bl/6J mice fed ad libitum, or fasted for 16 h. Aside from small inductions of Lpar1 in epididymal WAT and Lpar2 in epididymal and inguinal WAT, no significant changes were observed in expression of the Lpar family members, or autotaxin in perirenal, retroperitoneal, epididymal, or inguinal WAT or BAT with fasting. Comparison of the relative expression of Lpar1-6 in various depots showed that Lpar6 was the predominant Lpar in both WAT and BAT, and suggests that further work on the adipose-specific role of Lpar6 is warranted.     

大方坯连铸轻压下工艺技术开发与应用

连铸轻压下技术为改善铸坯内部质量,减少中心疏松、中心缩孔和中心偏析的重要手段。简述了连铸轻压下冶金技术的基本原理与主要控制参数。介绍了韶关钢铁(SGIS)大方坯连铸轻压下工艺技术开发方法,以及在研究过程中存在的问题和应用的效果。通过大方坯轻压技术的开发, 掌握了轻压下工艺控制方法与要点,以及轻压下工艺参数与铸坯中心疏松、中心偏析的关系。结果表明,大方坯连铸采用轻压下工艺,轴承钢内部质量得到明显的改善,其中轴承钢总压下量达到了12 mm。采用轻压下工艺后,低于1.5级的中心疏松比例提升了18.8%,中心偏析指数由0.877~1.247优化为0.944~1.038。研究结果为韶关钢铁开发高质量、高性能、高附加值的特钢产品提供了重要的技术支撑。     

多晶硅生产中残液搅拌罐密封结构的改造

在处理多晶硅生产中产生的残液时,残液搅拌罐填料密封出现泄漏,针对此问题提出了优化措施,达到了预期效果。     

煤矿井下碎软煤层旋转导向钻进技术

煤矿井下碎软煤层钻孔轨迹的定向可控对提高钻孔成孔率、减少抽采盲区、提高瓦斯抽采效果具有重要意义。旋转导向钻进工艺对于提高排渣效果、降低事故风险、提高钻进效率具有关键作用，因此实现碎软煤层钻孔旋转导向钻进是未来技术发展方向。分析并总结了目前石油钻井领域旋转导向钻进技术的特点和适用范围，结合碎软煤层钻孔特点，提出了基于内管控制的内控式旋转导向钻进技术思路。     

Turning a Digital Camera into an Absolute 2D Tele‐Colorimeter

We present a simple and effective technique for absolute colorimetric camera characterization, invariant to changes in exposure/aperture and scene irradiance, suitable in a wide range of applications including image‐based reflectance measurements, spectral pre‐filtering and spectral upsampling for rendering, to improve colour accuracy in high dynamic range imaging. Our method requires a limited number of acquisitions, an off‐the‐shelf target and a commonly available projector, used as a controllable light source, other than the reflected radiance to be known. The characterized camera can be effectively used as a 2D tele‐colorimeter, providing the user with an accurate estimate of the distribution of luminance and chromaticity in a scene, without requiring explicit knowledge of the incident lighting power spectra. We validate the approach by comparing our estimated absolute tristimulus values (XYZ data in ) with the measurements of a professional 2D tele‐colorimeter, for a set of scenes with complex geometry, spatially varying reflectance and light sources with very different spectral power distribution.     

The Tunable Porous Structure of Gelatin–Bioglass Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: Physicochemical,Mechanical, and In Vitro Properties

Unidirectional freeze‐casting method is used to fabricate gelatin–bioglass nanoparticles (BGNPs) scaffolds. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that sol–gel prepared BGNPs are distributed throughout the scaffold with diameters of less than 10 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetric are used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of BGNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs present an oriented porous structure and a homogeneous distribution of BGNPs in the gelatin matrix. The lamellar‐type structure indicates an improvement of mechanical strength and absorption capacity of the scaffolds. Increasing the concentration of BGNPs from 0 to 50 wt% have no noticeable effect on pore orientation, but decreases porosity and pore size distribution. Increase in BGNPs content improves the compressive strength. The absorption and biodegradation rate reduces with augmentation in BGNPs concentration. Bioactivity is evaluated through apatite formation after immersion of the nanocomposites in simulated body fluid and is verified by SEM–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), an element map analysis, X‐ray powder diffractometer, and FTIR spectrum. SEM images and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay confirm the biocompatibility of scaffolds and the supportive behavior of nanocomposites in cellular spreading. The results show that gelatin–(30 wt%)bioglass nanocomposites have incipient physicochemical and biological properties.     

Supercharged Proteins and Polypeptides

Electrostatic interactions play a vital role in nature. Biomacromolecules such as proteins are orchestrated by electrostatics, among other intermolecular forces, to assemble and organize biochemistry. Natural proteins with a high net charge exist in a folded state or are unstructured and can be an inspiration for scientists to artificially supercharge other protein entities. Recent findings show that supercharging proteins allows for control of their properties such as temperature resistance and catalytic activity. One elegant method to transfer the favorable properties of supercharged proteins to other proteins is the fabrication of fusions. Genetically engineered, supercharged unstructured polypeptides (SUPs) are just one promising fusion tool. SUPs can also be complexed with artificial entities to yield thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals and liquids. These architectures represent novel bulk materials that are sensitive to external stimuli. Interestingly, SUPs undergo fluid–fluid phase separation to form coacervates. These coacervates can even be directly generated in living cells or can be combined with dissipative fiber assemblies that induce life-like features. Supercharged proteins and SUPs are developed into exciting classes of materials. Their synthesis, structures, and properties are summarized. Moreover, potential applications are highlighted and challenges are discussed.     

中空微/纳米结构材料的制备及其在超级电容器领域的应用

对近年来中空微/纳米结构材料的制备方法及其在超级电容器领域的应用进行综述。介绍了中空微/纳米结构材料的制备方法,包括:硬模板法、软模板法和无模板法,概述了中空微/纳米结构材料在超级电容器领域的应用,总结了中空微/纳米结构材料在超级电容器领域应用中存在的一些不足。     

盐浴软氮化42CrMo的摩擦学性能分析

对42CrMo进行盐浴软氮化处理,分析盐浴软氮化处理对42CrMo试样硬度的影响,研究不同润滑条件下42CrMo试样的摩擦学性能,分析其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:盐浴软氮化处理过的42CrMo的平均硬度为HV747.33,约是未处理基体的(HV310)的2.5倍;在其他条件相同时,随载荷的增加,干摩擦条件下42CrMo的摩擦因数先增加后减小,边界润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦因数不断增加;42CrMo在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数、表面磨痕深度和磨损量均要明显高于边界润滑和油润滑条件下;在干摩擦条件下42CrMo的磨损机制为严重的黏着磨损和塑性变形,边界润滑条件下42CrMo表面磨损减缓,有轻微犁沟;油润滑条件下42CrMo表面为磨粒磨损,无明显变形。